Some one hundred lesser characters from various walks of life are introduced toreinforce his point. When Dos Passos wrote
Manhattan Transfer,
he was an admitted fellow traveler, meaning that he endorsed the aims of the Communist Party but wasnot a member. Party membership in the 1920s was reserved for the most radicaladherents of Marxist philosophy, and Dos Passos maintained a healthy skepti-cism, though he felt that what he called “monopoly capitalism” was a corrupteconomic system. That philosophy pervades his novel. But, as Sinclair Lewispoints out in his long critique published as a review in 1925, despite the stronginfluence of artistic, social, and economic philosophies, Dos Passos wrote a novelthat is interesting, alive with accurate depictions of the character and of the con-temporary environment. Lewis argues that for that reason
Manhattan Transfer
is superior to the efforts of other modernist writers, whether American, British,or European. Though Dos Passos was a committed leftist, who enthusiastically embraced modern literary and artistic theories, he was first of all a novelist, mean-ing that his first concern was to write a readable novel that captured what hecalled the voice of the people. The study of
Manhattan Transfer
is enhanced by a reading of Dos Passos’searlier work—particularly his nonfiction, in which he expresses his social andpolitical concerns. David Sanders’s
John Dos Passos: A Comprehensive Bibliogra- phy
(1987) lists those early books, and the previously uncollected shorter piecesare republished in
John Dos Passos: The Major Nonfictional Prose
(1988), editedby Donald Pizer, one of the most dependable Dos Passos scholars. TownsendLudington has published two key works necessary to anyone seeking a sense of the circumstances of Dos Passos’s life at the time of his novel. The most reli-able biography is his
John Dos Passos: A Twentieth-Century Odyssey
(1984). It waspreceded by
The Fourteenth Chronicle
(1973), a collection of Dos Passos’s lettersand journals with biographical interludes—a particularly useful book. Ludington’sbiography may be supplemented by Virginia Spencer Carr’s
John Dos Passos: A Life
(1984).
Melvin Landsberg, always trustworthy on Dos Passos, published twouseful books:
Dos Passos’ Path to
U.S.A. (1972)
and
John Dos Passos’s Correspondence with Arthur K. McComb
(1991). Though the MLA index lists more than fifty critical articles about
Man-hattan Transfer
between 1964 and 2009, students are well advised to begin withMichael Clark’s excellent chapter on the novel in
Dos Passos’s Early Fiction,1912–1938
(1987) and with the chapter in Lisa Nanney’s
John Dos Passos
(1998).
Janet Galligani Casey offers an informed feminist reading in her chapter on thenovel in
Dos Passos and the Ideology of the Feminine
(1998). From there, studentscan profitably proceed to the articles.
toPiCs FoR DisCussion AnD ReseARCh
1.
Manhattan Transfer
can be fruitfully studied from several perspectives. Perhapsmost important is the consideration of the novel as social history. Throughoutthe work, Dos Passos sprinkles hundreds of references to song lyrics, newspa-per articles, and contemporary stage presentations. A key to the early segment
John Dos Passos 115
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